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Nuremberg Diary, by G. M. Gilbert
PDF Download Nuremberg Diary, by G. M. Gilbert
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From the Back Cover
In August 1945 Great Britain, France, the USSR and the United States established a tribunal at Nuremberg to try military and civilian leaders of the Nazi regime for the plotting of aggressive warfare, the extermination of civilian populations, the widespread use of slave labor, the looting of occupied countries, and the maltreatment and murder of prisoners of war. G. M. Gilbert was the prison psychologist before and during the Nuremberg trial. He had an unrivalled, firsthand opportunity to watch and question the Nazi war criminals. With scientific dispassion he encouraged Goering, Speer, Hess Ribbentrop, Frank, Jodl, Keitel, Streicher, and the others to reveal their innermost thoughts.
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About the Author
G. M. Gilbert was the prison psychologist before and during the Nuremberg trial and is the author of The Psychology of Dictatorship.
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Product details
Paperback: 488 pages
Publisher: Da Capo Press; Reprint edition (August 22, 1995)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0306806614
ISBN-13: 978-0306806612
Product Dimensions:
5.5 x 1.5 x 8.5 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.5 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.6 out of 5 stars
72 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#236,583 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Before laying my thoughts on the importance of this book, this recorded History by Dr. Gilbert it is in my view important to understand what the basis of not only the trial meant at the end of the war but for the innocent victims of the Concentration Camps. Nothing in this diary work hit me harder than the details of words that Dr. Gilbert used in the recording of the interview he held with Colonel Rudolf Hoess; the Commandant of Auschwitz on 9 April 1946. Hoess commanded the camp from May of 1940 to December of 1943 – “efficiency†never had a more diabolical meaning and existence, yet matter-of-fact employment of the term. It is extremely difficult to fathom and believe today in 2017 that “efficiency†would ever have had this sort of application to the destruction of people, classes of people, people that deserved protection from the most hideous and disgusting purpose to the existence of mankind; I also doubt that never in the history of mankind had that this hatred ever existed on an “efficient†scale of this magnitude. Herein lay the facts, the terms, the reality of the truth to the demented henchmen that ran a machine for purposes that today I still cannot fully comprehend – I am not alone. Many good people who aren’t perfect people feel the same way. Having lost a Belgian uncle to a concentration camp during this war it is in my mind an equation whereby I cannot internally equate any reason that would support any belief that this was “necessaryâ€. Gold teeth melted and sent to the financial institutions, hair for pillows, confiscated property, the removal of civil rights of citizens and some of which that had in fact fought for this same nation during the First World War. (See my review please on “Somme – Into the Breach†on one Lieutenant F.L. Cassel.)Dr. Gilbert had provided a psychological blot test to all the defendants following the Indictment Phase of this court proceeding. During discussions in the cell of Hoess that followed the test, Dr. Gilbert proceeded to discuss the Auschwitz Camp. Hoess provided the information that roughly 2.5 million Jews were exterminated (as opposed to “killedâ€) during his tenure. Dr. Gilbert had asked how this was technically possible – Hoess quickly replied in return with a question “Technically?†then went on to state that he (Dr. Gilbert) was thinking of this all wrong. Hoess referenced in conversation that one had to break the system up to 24 hours; and, in 24 hours 10,000 people were “killed†(he used the word “exterminated†again and I cannot bring myself to think in of innocence in this manner). Hoess went on to explain that there were 6 chambers total; 2 large ones and 4 smaller ones. The 2 larger could accommodate 2,000 persons, the 4 smaller ones 1,500 all within a 24 hour period – Hoess stated so matter of fact with another correction “…no you don’t figure it right – the killing took the least amount of time – killing 2,000 would take a half an hour…†Hoess went on to state that “…It was the burning that took the most amount of time…†Herein lay the suggestion that many more could have been killed had they only found a more "efficient†manner to dispose of the bodies more quickly. Hoess then went into the logistics of moving the bodies from the chambers to the crematorium and the work that followed. This had to have stunned Dr. Gilbert – he hid his feelings well; however, the few words that follow within this passage made me feel as though I was sitting next to him, looking at Hoess.The author was the Psychologist at the Nuremberg Trials and had unfettered access to all the accused. Dr. Gilbert begins the first chapter by introducing each of the defendants though not in chronological order – this is based more on IQ tests that were administered to each and with each, Dr. Gilbert had brief discussions. This added an interest point for me, though I admit for no particular reason. His perception of Albert Speer I thought was most interesting in this early chapter and covered a mere couple of paragraphs. Having read “Spandau†and “Inside the Third Reich†the internal thoughts I had of Speer were somewhat confirmed in this early part of the book. The IQ tests and discussions began before the trial began but directly after the indictments had been handed to each of the defendants. As the writings of Dr. Gilbert would show based on his direct interactions with all of the accused – Albert Speer was the one constant throughout the whole process of this trial. That is to say – he never wavered from his conviction of the waste the Nazi Party brought to the world nor of the destruction it brought to the nation of Germany as a result of the same. He was truly sorry for his support of Hitler in the early years, this came to a head in the latter years – his testimony to the Nuremburg trial only made one mad man Goering more crazy than he was. Even after a near year of trials and imprisonment, both Dr. Goldensohn and Dr. Gilbert’s analysis conveyed the professional opinion that Herr Goering was still a drug addict though he had not had any form of access to the heroine or amphetamines he had during the final days of the Third Reich.Death toll for the nations that fought during the Second World War – this as a reminder why the Nuremberg Trial was a necessary component to the war, atrocities, and the willingness of breaking of international agreements to sovereign nations across the globe – as an American, I am equally reminded that it was the Imperial Forces of Japan that brought our own entry into this war; additionally, it was Germany that declared war upon the United States and not the other way around.Casualties listed by caused upon by armed belligerent forces:Allied: 14,276,800 (estimate – 10 million listed as Soviet Soldiers)Axis: 6,582,000 (estimate – German numbers have never been officially verified during the World War II and nor for World War I)Civilian Casualties:Allied: 25,986,500 (estimate – 10 million listed as Soviet Civilians)Axis: 1,686,000 (estimate – German numbers have never been officially verified)A refresher for the results of the Nuremburg Trials are posted here for the arm chair historian and the otherwise curious. There were four counts provided against the defendants within the indictment:1. Conspiracy to commit crimes alleged in other counts;2. Crimes against peace;3. War crimes;4. Crimes against humanity.1. Herman Goering: Guilty on all 4 counts; Death by Hanging; committed suicide before judgement had been rendered; the Lutheran Chaplain refused to provide last rites as Goering never admitted anything of wrong doing and his pompous style was indicative of the drug addict he was and remained to the very end.2. Rudolf Hess: Guilty on counts 1 and 2; Life in Prison.3. Joachim von Ribbentrop: Guilty on all 4 counts; Death by Hanging.4. Robert Ley: Committed suicide in Prison Cell 25 October 19455. Wilhelm Keitel: Guilty on all 4 counts; Death by Hanging6. Ernst Kaltenbrunner: Guilty on counts 3 and 4; Death by Hanging7. Alfred Rosenberg: Guilty on all 4 counts; Death by Hanging8. Hans Frank: Guilty on counts 3 and 4; Death by Hanging9. Wilhelm Frick: Guilty on counts 3 and 4; Death by Hanging10. Julius Streicher: Guilty on count 4; Death by Hanging11. Walter Funk: Guilty on counts 2, 3, and 4; Life in Prison12. Hjalmer Schacht: Not Guilty13. Karl Doenitz: Guilty on counts 2 and 3; 10 years in Prison14. Erich Raeder: Guilty on counts 1, 2, and 3; Life in Prison15. Baldur von Schirach: Guilty on count 4; 20 years in Prison16. Fritz Sauckel: Guilty on counts 3 and 4; Death by Hanging17. Alfred Jodl: Guilty on all 4 counts; Death by Hanging18. Martin Bormann: In Absentia – Guilty on counts 3 and 4; Death by Hanging – long story as to whether he survived the war or not.19. Franz von Papen: Not Guilty20. Arthur Seyss-Inquart: Guilty on counts 2, 3, and 4; Death by Hanging21. Albert Speer: Guilty on counts 2 and 3; 20 years in Prison22. Constantin von Neurath: Guilty on all 4 counts; 15 years in Prison23. Hans Frizsche: Not Guilty24. Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach: Following the Allied victory, plans to prosecute Gustav Krupp as a war criminal at the 1945 Nuremberg Trials was dropped as he was bedridden and senile. Krupp remained technically still under indictment and liable to prosecution in subsequent proceedingsAs with the “Rape of Nanking†I proudly purchased this book at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington D.C. in August of 2016 – the bookstore there is a treasure trove of the saddest stories to history; important people be reminded of what occurred and is a most somber and dignified museum. I will leave this review now; the Holocaust deniers then as now are simply people I do not, nor will ever understand.
This was a fascinating, engaging book. The author does not hold back his opinions on the subjects, and his distaste for some of the defendants' outrageous amorality and cowardice makes it all the more interesting. It is a true "diary," infused with passions and prejudice, and it makes the reader feel like he/she is right there along with the trial observers, eavesdropping on the Nazi leadership's perception of their day(s) of reckoning. We all know how it ends but it's a good and gripping read all the way through.
Dr Gilbert's book, written in 1945/46, provides a fascinating view of the catastrophe that was the second world war. What made it most interesting for me was that I read it immediately after the currently (2012)popular "Paris 1919" - a record of the actions of the participants in WWI in "arranging" the world following the defeat of Germany. Sadly, much of what the Nazi defendants in Nuremberg said about the causes of the rise of Hitler are much more believable now (in retrospect), as are their predictions about the rise of the USSR and the coming of the cold war.I am now reading Goldensohn's book "The Nuremberg Interviews", which provides a companion piece to the foregoing, further supporting the observations made above. I'd recommend all three for a bit of enlightening reading. (Not light, but quite profound.)
This is a stunner of a book. Here we have a Jewish American who speaks German and is a PHD psychologist, and he has direct access to ALL of the criminals at this trial, the architects of the Third Reich and the Jewish Holocaust (less psychopaths Hitler, Himmler, Eichmann, and Goebbels et al). He interviews then before and during the trial and in the moments leading to their (most of them) executions. Fascinating to hear their rationalizations, repentance, prejudices, etc. Just the best book on the trial because of its unique proximity to the minds of these infamous men.
"Nuremberg Diary", by G. M. Gilbert, tells about Dr Gilbert's interactions with the top Nazi war criminals during the first Nuremberg tribunal/trial in 1945/46. Dr Gilbert was the prison psychologist (as opposed to psychiatrist) at Nuremberg, and had unfettered access to the military officers and civilians on trial.Dr Gilbert could speak with the defendants in their own language, and through conversations with them, he was able to draw out their views of the war, of themselves, of their fellow trial-mates, their day-to-day reactions to the trial, as well as their own increasingly desperate attempts to save their own necks. What emerges is stunning in that far from being supermen, the Nazi leaders were generally ordinary men who were given great power in a Faustian bargain with Adolf Hitler, and thereby corrupted to commit horrendous acts of murder and violence against humanity. It is also surprising to see how shallow, vain, and eager to compromise their morals and ideals in the name of power and authority that most of these men were.Dr Gilbert, however, was not necessarily an objective observer. He has clear favorites and enters into verbal sparring matches with some of the defendants. The book is often almost annoyingly repetitive in some of its characterizations, which is perhaps to be expected given that the defendants were on trial for their lives and were under great stress and focusing on their defense.While I don't consider this a perfect book, it is nonetheless an essential book in understanding the Nazi leadership, and how Hitler came to dominate them and use their talents for his own warped plans. Virtually all of the books and articles I've read about Nuremberg have heavily quoted Dr Gilbert's book. If you're a World War II buff, this book should be on your bookshelf.
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